An Appraisal of the Knowledge and Perception of Breast Cancer Screening Among Women in Kebbi State
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Background of the Study
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, with low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, bearing a disproportionate burden (WHO, 2024). The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer are exacerbated by late-stage diagnosis, often attributed to limited awareness, cultural beliefs, and inadequate screening practices (NCDC, 2024). Kebbi State, located in northwestern Nigeria, has a predominantly rural population where healthcare-seeking behavior is influenced by socio-cultural and economic factors, potentially affecting breast cancer screening uptake (Bello & Adeyemi, 2024).
Early detection through screening methods such as breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and mammography significantly improves survival rates (Akinola et al., 2024). However, studies indicate that knowledge about these screening methods is low among Nigerian women, particularly in rural and underserved regions (Usman & Okonkwo, 2024). Religious beliefs, myths about cancer, financial barriers, and fear of diagnosis further contribute to poor screening practices (Olaniyi, 2024).
This study seeks to appraise the knowledge and perception of breast cancer screening among women in Kebbi State, identifying factors influencing screening behavior and potential interventions to improve awareness and participation in early detection programs.
Statement of the Problem
Despite advances in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, late presentation remains a critical challenge in Nigeria, with many cases diagnosed at advanced stages (WHO, 2024). In Kebbi State, where healthcare access is already limited, breast cancer awareness and screening programs remain insufficient, contributing to delayed diagnoses and high mortality rates (Bello & Adeyemi, 2024).
Several factors, including lack of knowledge, cultural perceptions, fear, and limited availability of screening facilities, hinder women from engaging in early detection practices (Akinola et al., 2024). Without targeted interventions to improve awareness and accessibility, the burden of breast cancer will continue to rise. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge and perception of breast cancer screening among women in Kebbi State and recommend strategies to enhance screening uptake.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the level of knowledge of breast cancer screening methods among women in Kebbi State.
2. To examine the perception of breast cancer screening and its influence on screening behavior.
3. To identify barriers and facilitators affecting breast cancer screening uptake in Kebbi State.
Research Questions
1. What is the level of knowledge of breast cancer screening among women in Kebbi State?
2. How do women in Kebbi State perceive breast cancer screening, and how does it affect their screening behavior?
3. What factors influence the uptake of breast cancer screening services in Kebbi State?
Research Hypotheses
1. There is a significant relationship between knowledge of breast cancer screening and screening uptake.
2. Perceptions of breast cancer screening significantly influence screening behavior among women.
3. Socio-cultural and economic factors serve as barriers to breast cancer screening in Kebbi State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on women in Kebbi State, including urban and rural populations. Healthcare professionals and breast cancer awareness advocates may also be included for insight into screening programs. Limitations may include reluctance to discuss breast cancer openly and possible self-reporting biases in survey responses.
Definitions of Terms
• Breast Cancer Screening: Medical procedures used to detect breast cancer at an early stage, including BSE, CBE, and mammography.
• Perception: Individuals' attitudes, beliefs, and interpretations about breast cancer screening.
• Barriers to Screening: Factors such as cultural beliefs, financial constraints, and healthcare accessibility that prevent women from participating in screening programs.
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